ABSTRACT
Objective To study any change in the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in the skeletal muscles of mice with emphysema.MethodsTwenty Kunming male mice were divided into a normal control group and an emphysema group (n =10 in each ).An emphysema model was established by passive cigarette smoking in 8 of the emphysema group mice.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic skeletal muscle cells.Im munohistochemical assays were used to determine the protein level of γ-GCS synthetase.ResultsThe average optical density of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the skeletal muscles of the mice with emphysema compared with the normal controls,and their average γ-GCS synthetase levels were also significantly higher.Conclusions Apoptotic cells increase in skeletal muscle during emphysema,which may be caused by an oxidation/antioxidant imbalance mediated by γ-GCS synthetase.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the correlation between structure of b D -glucan derivatives from Poria cocos sclerotiuma and anti gastric cancer activities of elderly rats.Methods A water insoluble (1→3)-β-D-glucan (PCS3-Ⅱ ) isolated from fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos was sulfated,carboxymethylated,methylated,hydroxyethylated and hydroxypropylated,respectively,to prepare five water-soluble derivatives.Their activities of the native β-glucan and five derivatives against gastric cancer cell strains of MKN-45,SGC 7901and MKN-28 were tested in vitro and in vivo.Results The native β-glucan did not show any anti-gastric cancer activity,while the sulfated and carboxymethylated derivatives significantly exhibited the anti gastric cancer activity against MKN-45,SGC-7901 and MKN-28 cells in vitro,and elderly rats with MKN-45 transplanted tumor,especially.The gastric cancer inhibition rates of elderly rats were 32.7％ and 36.4％ for the 100 mg/kg sulfated and carboxymethylated derivatives,respectively.Conclusions The fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos polysaccharides can not show any anti gastric cancer activity in vitro,but the sulfated and carboxymethylated derivatives may increase the inhibition effect.Water-solubility,higher chain stiffness and relatively molecular weight would be benefit to increase anti-elderly gastric cancer activity of polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotiuma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the changes in mRNA and protein expression of ubiquitin and to explore the relationship of apoptosis in the skeletal muscle of mouse with emphysema.Methods Emphysema model was established by passive cigarette smoking in mouse.Apoptosis was detected with TUNEL staining.The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical assay were used to determine the mRNA and protein level of ubiquitin.Results Apoptotic cells were increased in skeletal muscle of mouse with emphysema.The mRNA and protein level of ubiquitin were significantly higher in mouses with emphysema (0.48±0.02 and 0.23+0.05,respectively) than in control group (0.17±0.01 and 0.14+0.01,t=6.223、4.093,both P ＜0.05).Conclusions The increase of apoptosis in skeletal muscle of mouses with emphysema may be associated with high expression of ubiquitin.